Which type of excavation method involves creating levels or steps?

Benching is an excavation method that involves creating levels or steps in a slope to ensure stability and safety. This technique is used to make the sides of an excavation more secure, reducing the risk of collapse. Each "bench" or level created provides a flat surface that can support workers and equipment, as well as prevent loose soil from falling into the excavation site.

This method is particularly important when working in deeper excavations, as it helps manage the potential hazards associated with vertical sides, which can be dangerous if not properly supported. By breaking up the vertical slope into smaller, manageable sections, the risk of soil movement and cave-ins is minimized, providing a safer work environment for excavation operations.

Caving generally refers to the natural collapse of earth as it becomes unstable, while trenching focuses on narrow excavations that might not involve steps or levels. Shoring involves the support systems used to prevent collapse but doesn't pertain directly to the method of creating structured levels.