Which of the following must be done to safeguard employees during excavation operations?

The need to protect, support, or remove underground installations is critical during excavation operations to safeguard employees. Underground installations, such as utility lines (electric, gas, water, telecommunications), can pose significant hazards if they are not properly managed. Striking these installations can lead to accidents, such as gas leaks, electric shocks, and water damage, all of which could endanger the safety of workers on-site.

By identifying and mitigating these risks beforehand—through protective measures or removal of the installations—employers can ensure that excavation projects proceed safely and that employees are not exposed to unnecessary dangers. This proactive approach is a key aspect of maintaining a safe work environment, thus prioritizing the health and safety of all personnel involved in excavation work.