Which of the following best describes benching in excavation?

Benching in excavation refers to a technique where the sides of an excavation are cut back at an angle to create a series of steps or benches. This method is primarily used to prevent soil from collapsing or to improve access for workers and equipment. By laying back the sides, the angle of repose is considered, allowing the soil to remain stable. This is crucial in construction sites as it enhances safety and provides a safer working environment for workers by reducing the risks associated with loose soil.

Other methods mentioned, such as reinforcing soil with additives or managing water drainage, although important aspects of excavation and site preparation, do not specifically define the benching technique. Similarly, filling in excavated areas is a separate process used to restore the site after work is completed. Therefore, the best description of benching centers on the careful shaping of the excavation sides to ensure safety and access.