What should be used to prevent surface water from entering an excavation?

The use of diversion ditches to prevent surface water from entering an excavation is a well-established best practice in excavation operations. These ditches are specifically designed to redirect surface water away from the excavation area, thereby minimizing the risk of flooding or erosion that can compromise the structural integrity of the excavation site and create hazardous working conditions.

Utilizing diversion ditches effectively manages stormwater runoff and helps maintain dry excavation conditions, which is crucial for safety and efficiency. They can be strategically placed around the excavation site to channel water away, allowing for better control over the environmental conditions during excavation work.

In contrast, excavation tools and heavy machinery are primarily used for the physical aspect of excavation and do not contribute to managing surface water. While workers on site play a vital role in ensuring safety and adhering to best practices, they are not a preventive measure against water intrusion like diversion ditches are. Therefore, using diversion ditches is the most effective method to protect an excavation from surface water.