What describes a layered system in geology?

A layered system in geology is characterized by the arrangement of two or more distinctly different types of materials or soil organized in horizontal layers. This layering can include variations in composition, texture, density, and other physical properties that differ from one layer to another.

This structure is essential in understanding soil profiles and the geological history of a region. For example, topsoil, subsoil, and bedrock often present distinct layers with specific characteristics that affect water drainage, root penetration, and habitat for organisms.

In contrast, the other options do not adequately describe a layered system. A single type of soil fails to represent the complexity achieved in a layered system, while only granular materials restrict the types of soil to a specific category, excluding other important materials. Permeable soil types focus solely on the soil's ability to transmit water rather than addressing the concept of layering itself. Thus, the correct representation of a layered system lies in the presence of multiple distinct types organized in layers.